中药火麻仁基原植物大麻的TIFY基因家族鉴定及功能分析

目的:从全基因组层面对大麻(Cannabis sativa)TIFY基因家族进行鉴定与功能分析,为解析大麻TIFY家族基因功能及其对大麻素等次生代谢产物生物合成的调控机理奠定基础。方法:采用已有大麻基因组数据,通过NCBI,PlantTFDB,MEME及TBtools等生物信息学分析工具,鉴定大麻中的TIFY家族基因,并对其编码蛋白的理化性质、系统进化、基因结构、染色体定位及组织差异表达模式等进行分析和可视化作图。结果:该研究共鉴定到大麻TIFY家族基因成员14个(CsTIFY1～CsTIFY14),分属于TIFY,JAZ,ZML和PPD共4个亚家族,其核酸序列长度为365～1 369 bp,编码氨基酸长度为118～442 aa,等电点为4.64～9.96。14个CsTIFYs不均匀的分布在8条染色体上,亚细胞定位预测其蛋白均定位细胞核中。CsTIFYs基因的启动子区具有多种非生物胁迫响应的顺式作用元件,可参与植物的不同生长发育和非生物胁迫调控。转录组表达热图分析表明,CsTIFYs在不同大麻品种的雌花及同一品种的花、苞片、茎、叶中均存在表达差异。结论:该研究从全基因组水平鉴定到大麻CsTIFY家族转录因子14个,并对其结构特点和表达模式进行研究,预测大麻CsTIFYs可能在大麻的JA信号转导通路、非生物胁迫及大麻素生物合成中发挥重要调控作用,将对大麻中TIFY家族的基因功能研究以及大麻优质品种选育提供科学参考。     

A prognostic signature based on immune-related genes for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) is the fourth commonest female malignancy worldwide. CESC progresses in immune-microenvironment mainly composed of infiltrating immune and stromal cells. Here, we performed an integrated analysis incorporating the expression profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and scores of immune and stromal cells calculated by Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. A two-gene signature (CD1C and CD6 genes) was established to predict the prognosis of CESC. Based on this signature, patients were divided into the high- and low-risk groups, and this signature showed good prognostic performance according to the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in train set and two validation sets. A nomogram was built for evaluating the clinical applicability of this signature. In addition, based on Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database, 2 hub genes showed negative correlations with tumor purity and positive correlations with infiltrating levels of immune filtrating cells. What’s more, we propose new treatment strategies for the two prognostic subtypes. Low- risk patients were found presenting with a higher level of immune checkpoint molecules and showing higher immunogenicity in immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis, which indicated a better response for immunotherapy. Meanwhile, estimated by Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, the high-risk patients showed sensitive responses to five chemotherapy drugs. Finally, 10 candidate small-molecule drugs for CESC were defined. In summary, the CD1C-CD6 signature can accurately predict the prognosis of CESC.     

Correlation of PD-L1 Expression with Tumor Mutation Burden and Gene Signatures for Prognosis in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma

Objectives

Anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has demonstrated success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also has demonstrated interesting results in small trials of neoadjuvant treatment in stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. In addition, several clinical trials using anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable stage NSCLC are ongoing. However, few analyses of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy–related biomarkers in early-stage squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) have been reported. In this study, we evaluated PD-L1 protein expression, tumor mutation burden, and expression of an immune gene signature in early-stage SqCLC, providing data for identifying the potential role for patients with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in early-stage SqCLC.

六味地黄丸干预绝经后骨质疏松症患者基因表达谱分析

目的探讨中药六味地黄丸干预绝经后骨质疏松患者的分子机制并分析预测其靶标和药物作用通路。方法检索并下载GEO中与采用六味地黄丸干预绝经后骨质疏松症的微阵列基因表达数据集。通过获取的基因表达数据集,分析六味地黄丸干预前后绝经后骨质疏松症患者血液中差异表达基因变化,并将这部分差异表达基因与在绝经后骨质疏松症患者和正常绝经女性血液中差异表达的基因取交集,获得两对比组中共同差异表达的基因。通过基因本体论数据库(GO)对获得的共同差异表达基因分别从生物过程(BP)、分子功能(MF)和细胞组分(CC)三方面进行功能富集分析;利用京都基因和基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)进行通路富集分析。利用生物通用交互数据集库(BioGRID)分析获得与共同差异表达基因产物互作的蛋白质,并构建蛋白质-蛋白质互作关系(PPI)网络,采用Cytoscape软件实现蛋白质-蛋白质互作关系网络的可视化。应用中医药数据库(BATMAN-TCM)对六味地黄丸主要中药成分的靶标基因进行预测。结果六味地黄丸干预后,得到1 350个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因322个,下调表达基因1 027个。58个共同差异表达基因与六味地黄丸干预绝经后骨质疏松的分子机制相关,六味地黄丸干预后43个基因下调,15个基因上调。六味地黄丸主要中药成分的10个共同差异表达基因靶标为ESR1, FGFR2, MED1, PGR, PRKCB, PTGS1, PTGS2, TRIM24, VDR, WNT4。与六味地黄丸干预组差异表达基因对比分析,ATF2, FBXW7以及RDX基因在干预后呈现显著差异表达。结论 ATF2, FBXW7和RDX基因为参与六味地黄丸干预绝经后骨质疏松分子调控机制的关键基因。六味地黄丸主要中药成分的10个共同靶标基因中,ESR1, FGFR2, MED1, WNT4为六味地黄丸干预治疗绝经后骨质疏松等相关内分泌疾病的潜在调控基因。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族抗结核药物性肝损伤患者IL-10分泌水平的研究

目的 探讨汉族、维吾尔族抗结核药物诱导的肝损伤（ATDLI）患者IL-10分泌量，比较两民族之间存在的差异。方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区胸科医院、石河子大学医学院第一附属医院确诊的ATDLI患者。采用双抗体夹心ELISA测定患者IL-10的分泌量。比较两个民族以及两个民族不同性别、不同肝损伤程度的患者血清IL-10的表达量。结果 共收集ATDLI汉族组患者100例，维吾尔族组患者135例。维吾尔族组ATDLI患者IL-10分泌量[（56.30±17.24）pg/mL]高于汉族组[（45.81±11.04）pg/mL]，差异有统计学意义（P<0.0001）。汉族轻度、中度及重度肝损伤组患者血清IL-10水平分别为（44.73±9.10）、（47.39±10.58）、（49.52±13.21）pg/mL；维吾尔族轻度、中度及重度肝损伤组患者血清IL-10水平分别为（52.30±15.24）、（56.84±13.71）、（58.62±14.38）pg/mL。组间比较显示，IL-10的分泌量汉族、维吾尔族中重度肝损伤组患者均高于轻度肝损伤组患者（均P<0.05）。结论 ATDLI患者IL-10分泌量随肝损伤程度的加重而升高。ATDLI患者IL-10分泌量维吾尔族高于汉族。     

灰毡毛忍冬LmC3H1基因的克隆及表达模式与绿原酸含量相关性分析

目的:以灰毡毛忍冬为材料,克隆对-香豆酸3-羟化酶(LmC3H1)基因,进行生物信息学和表达模式分析,结合绿原酸含量,研究推测灰毡毛忍冬LmC3H1基因的功能。方法:通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和RACE技术克隆LmC3H1基因的全长c DNA序列,对该序列进行生物信息学分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和HPLC分别测定灰毡毛忍冬茎、叶及不同花期花中LmC3H1的相对表达量及绿原酸含量。结果:克隆得LmC3H1(Gen Bank:MN177695)基因,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1 533 bp,编码510个氨基酸,推测其分子式为C_(2618)H_(4134)N_(718)O_(727)S_(22),相对分子质量为58 005.32,等电点8.92,为亲水性蛋白,定位于叶绿体中,具有跨膜区域LLLIPAVLFLISLVYPLI,含有细胞色素P450的保守结构域CYTOCHROME_P450(422-433 aa);Real-time PCR结果显示,LmC3H1在灰毡毛忍冬茎、叶及不同花期花有不同程度的表达,其中在花发育阶段,白色花蕾期相对表达量最高,花蕾初期及白色开花期次之;白色花蕾期花与茎、叶比,花的相对表达量最高,叶的最低;HPLC结果显示,从绿白色花蕾期到金黄色开花期绿原酸含量呈上升趋势,金黄色开花期含量最高,不同器官中,花中绿原酸最高,茎最低。结论:克隆得到灰毡毛忍冬LmC3H1基因,推测LmC3H1可能参与灰毡毛忍冬花绿原酸的生物合成。该研究为进一步研究该基因的功能及探究灰毡毛忍冬绿原酸生物合成和调节机制提供了依据,同时为遗传改良灰毡毛忍冬品质奠定了基础。     

Prognostic impact of distinct genetic entities in pediatric diffuse glioma WHO-grade II—Report from the German/Swiss SIOP-LGG 2004 cohort

Reports on pediatric low-grade diffuse glioma WHO-grade II (DG2) suggest an impaired survival rate, but lack conclusive results for genetically defined DG2-entities. We analyzed the natural history, treatment and prognosis of DG2 and investigated which genetically defined sub-entities proved unfavorable for survival. Within the prospectively registered, population-based German/Swiss SIOP-LGG 2004 cohort 100 patients (age 0.8-17.8 years, 4% neurofibromatosis [NF1]) were diagnosed with a DG2. Following biopsy (41%) or variable extent of resection (59%), 65 patients received no adjuvant treatment. Radiologic progression or severe neurologic symptoms prompted chemotherapy (n = 18) or radiotherapy (n = 17). Multiple lines of salvage treatment were necessary for 19/35 patients. Five years event-free survival dropped to 0.44, while 5 years overall survival was 0.90 (median observation time 8.3 years). Extensive genetic profiling of 65/100 DG2 identified Histone3-K27M-mutation in 4, IDH1-mutation in 11, BRAF-V600-mutation in 12, KIAA1549-BRAF-fusions in 6 patients, while the remaining 32 tumor tissues did not show alterations of these genes. Progression to malignant glioma occurred in 12 cases of all genetically defined subgroups within a range of 0.5 to 10.8 years, except for tumors carrying KIAA1549-BRAF-fusions. Histone3-K27M-mutant tumors proved uniformly fatal within 0.6 to 2.4 years. The current LGG treatment strategy seems appropriate for all DG2-entities, with the exemption of Histone3-K27M-mutant tumors that require a HGG-related treatment strategy. Our data confirm the importance to genetically define pediatric low-grade diffuse gliomas for proper treatment decisions and risk assessment.     

The prognostic and predictive role of 21-gene recurrence scores in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer

Over the past two decades, gene expression profiling of breast cancer has emerged as an important tool in early-stage breast cancer management. The approach provides important information on underlying biological mechanisms, breast cancer classification, future risk potential of developing recurrent metastatic disease, and provides beneficial clues for adjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Of the commercially available genomic tests for breast cancer, the prognostic and predictive value of 21-gene recurrence score tests have been validated using both retrospective data and prospective clinical trials. In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on 21-gene expression profiles for HR-positive HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer management. We show that current evidence supports endocrine therapy alone as an appropriate adjuvant systemic therapy for approximately 70% of women with HR-positive, HER2-negative, node-negative breast cancer. Evolving evidence also suggests that 21-gene recurrence scores have predictive values for node-positive breast cancer and that chemotherapy can be avoided in more than half of women with nodes 1 to 3 positive HR-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, retrospective data also supports the predictive role of 21-gene recurrence scores for adjuvant radiation therapy. A prospective trial in this area is ongoing.     

基于高通量测序技术的三叉苦幼苗转录组数据分析

目的获得三叉苦Melicope pteleifolia转录组信息特征。方法以三叉苦幼苗根、茎、叶混合样品为对象,采用二代高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq~(TM) 2000进行转录组测序并进行系统的生物信息学分析。结果转录组测序分析共获得47 045 040条高质量序列(clean reads),Trinity de novo组装获得67 956条unigenes,平均长度787 nt。BLAST分析显示分别有42 749(61.92%)、31 152(45.84%)、26 563(39.0 9%)、17 481(25.72%)条unigenes在NR、Swiss-port、KOG、KEGG数据库得到注释信息,参与生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个GO类别的47个小组,共9807条unigenes注释到130个KEGG代谢通路中,筛选到19条次生代谢通路,KOG功能分类分析获得25个不同的KOG功能类群。预测共有高等植物转录因子56个家族;借助MISA软件发现7 748个SSRs,三碱基重复SSRs数量最丰富,有4 117个,出现频率为53.1%,五碱基重复SSRs相对较少,占2.2%。结论利用高通量测序技术和生物信息分析获得三叉苦转录组信息特征,为后续三叉苦功能基因的挖掘、次生代谢途径解析及其调控机制研究奠定基础。